Aerodynamic center:
The aerodynamic center is a point on the wing chord that results in a constant moment when the wing angle of attack is changed. An A/C lies approximately at the quarter-chord position at subsonic speeds and at approximately the half-chord position at supersonic speeds.
Wing planform geometry:
This slide gives technical definitions of a wing's geometry, which is one of the chief factors affecting airplane lift and drag. Actual aircraft wings are complex three-dimensional objects, but we will start with some simple definitions.The figure shows the wing viewed from three directions; the upper left shows the view from the top looking down on the wing, the lower right shows the view from the front looking at the wing leading edge, and the lower left shows a side view from the left looking in towards the center-line.The side view shows an airfoil shape with the leading edge to the left.
Wing Twist:
Wing twist is an aerodynamic feature added to aircraft wings to adjust lift distribution along the wing. Often, the purpose of lift redistribution is to ensure that the wing tip is the last part of the wing surface to stall, for example when executing a roll or steep climb; it involves twisting the wingtip a small amount downwards in relation to the rest of the wing. This ensures that the effective angle of attack is always lower at the wingtip than at the root, meaning the root will stall before the tip.This is desirable because the aircraft's flight control surfaces are often located at the wingtip, and the variable stall characteristics of a twisted wing alert the pilot to the advancing stall while still allowing the control surfaces to remain effective, meaning the pilot can usually prevent the aircraft from stalling fully before control is completely lost.
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